Sunday, 22 December 2013

War memoires of Sgt. Krystyna Rutkowska

Wspomnienia z czasów wojny st. sierż. Krystyny Rutkowskiej,
z d. Dąbrowskiej,
z 316 Kompanii Transportowej 2-go Polskiego Korpusu

English version:
Road from Lviv, through Kazakhstan and Jerusalem to Monte Cassino
War memoires of Sgt. Krystyna Rutkowska, nee Dabrowska
316 Transport Company of the 2nd Polish Corps
below


   Urodziłam się 13.07.1922 w Glinianach, powiat Przemyślany, woj. Tarnopolskie, Jako córka Jana Dąbrowskiego i Marii z d. Rychwickiej. Ojciec mój był pracownikiem umysłowym w Filii Banku w Glinianach, zaś od roku 1929 aż do momentu wkroczenia wojsk radzieckich we wrześniu 1939 roku był burmistrzem miasta Gliniany, oraz w pięcioletniej kadencji od 1930 posłem na Sejm Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. Chyba to właśnie zaważyło, że zaraz 10.04.1940 został aresztowany i wywieziony do Lwowa do więzienia, a potem wywieziony do łagru w głąb ZSRR, skąd też nie wrócił i zmarł w 1942 r. na terenie ZSRR (wg. informacji repatriantów, którzy wrócili do kraju).      
    Moja Matka była nauczycielką w Glinianach, uczyła do momentu wywiezienia na zsyłkę do ZSRR razem ze mną 13.04.1940 r.
    Do szkoły podstawowej uczęszczałam w Glinianach zaś w roku 1939 ukończyłam Gimnazjum Sióstr Urszulanek we Lwowie. W okresie wybuchu wojny, przebywałam w Glinianach wraz z rodzicami, skąd też razem z Matką zostałam wywieziona do ZSRR.
    Samego momentu gdy przyszli po nas o godzinie drugiej w nocy, nigdy nie zapomnę. Było ich trzech w cywilu pracowników NKWD i jeden mówiący po polsku, chyba Ukrainiec. Na wstępie oświadczyli mojej Matce, że mamy wyjechać do innego województwa na życzenie Ojca, który już tam na nas czeka. Matka w naiwności uwierzyła i zaczęła się ubierać, wzięła tylko płaszcz i torebkę i była gotowa do wyjścia. Ja jednak byłam nieufna i zapytałam jednego z nich, czy mogę zabrać rzeczy Ojca, na co on odpowiedział bardzo cicho (oczywiście po rosyjsku), żebym zabrała raczej rzeczy swoje i Matki. Od razu zrozumiałam, że wszystko poprzednie było tylko podstępem.
    Nawet nie wiem skąd znalazło się we mnie tyle energii, że zaczęłam pakować co mi weszło pod ręce; pościel wzięłam w toboły, wyrzucałam rzeczy z szaf i upychałam gdzie się dało, nawet w tym ferworze zabrałam Mamy pudło z kapeluszami, które potem służyło nam jako stolik w Kazachstanie. Właśnie te wszystkie zabrane przeze mnie rzeczy, w dużej mierze pozwoliły nam przeżyć ten bardzo ciężki okres, na zsyłce.
    Pieniądze ani biżuteria nie miały tam żadnej wartości, jedynie wartość miały odzież i srebro, które można było wymienić u Kazachów na żywność. Jeden z tych, którzy przyszli po nas był wyjątkowo „ludzki” i pozwolił mi zabrać wszystko co spakowałam. Przy opuszczaniu naszego domu, najsmutniejszy był moment rozstania z naszą ukochaną gosposią i moim psem.
    I tak wyruszyłyśmy z Matką w nieznane – na chłopskiej furmance, zarekwirowanej przez NKWD, na wiązce słomy w ciemną i zimną noc. Już świtało, gdy dowieźli nas do najbliższej stacji kolejowej i załadowali do wagonów towarowych, które już na nas czekały i zaraz było tłoczno i duszno, nie mówiąc już o warunkach sanitarnych. Po czym zaplombowali nasze wagony. Wewnątrz były same kobiety, w różnym wieku, przeważnie wywożone za mężów lub braci, względnie nie wiadomo za co i dlaczego.
    Na stacji czekaliśmy na odjazd prawie cały dzień i to było nasze szczęście, bo życzliwi ludzie z Glinian przywieźli nam trochę żywności (o której ja nie pomyślałam wyjeżdżając z domu). Pozwolono nam podać ją do wagonu i to nas uratowało, bo przez trzy tygodnie naszej podróży podawali nam tylko śledzie i minimalną porcję ciemnego chleba i wody. Nikt nie wiedział dokąd nas wiozą. Trzeba było sobie samemu uzmysławiać zaglądając przez małe, zakratowane okienko.
    Wreszcie zorientowaliśmy się, że wiozą nas w głąb Azji, bo minęliśmy Ural byliśmy około 300 km poza granicami Europy. Naszym celem był Kazachstan, aktiubińska obłast, rejon Dżurun i tam nas wysadzono, skąd małymi grupami rozwożono nas ciężarówkami do różnych kołchozów i sowchozów.
    Wyjechaliśmy o zmierzchu cała grupą, razem z Matką i z nierozstającymi się tobołami. Noce o tej porze roku były bardzo zimne, więc moja kołdra bardzo się przydała. Niestety nasz kierowca w tym pustym stepie bez żadnej drogi stale błądził.
    Taki fakt mi utkwił w pamięci; ilekroć samochód nasz zatrzymał się wychylałam głowę spod kołdry i zawsze ukazywał się ten sam widok, bezkresny step, górka, a na niej stojący wielbłąd. Potem, gdy po latach czytałam książkę Wielbłąd na stepie, zawsze wyłaniał się z mej pamięci niezapomniany „mój wielbłąd”.
    W rezultacie, nasz kierowca po długim błądzeniu po stepie wysadził nas zupełnie nie tam gdzie miał nas zawieźć, tylko do jakiejś napotkanej osady kazachskiej i sam odjechał… Nie będę opisywała wrażenia z pierwszego zetknięcia z Kazachami, bo to był swojego rodzaju ponowny szok. Do każdego domu Kazachskiego wchodzi się przez stajnię, potem jest izba z pryczami, zaś na środku żarzący się ogień w zagłębieniu klepiska (można to było nazwać podłogą), wokół którego siedzi cała rodzina i grzeje nogi pod przykryciem derki. Step o tej porze poranka był piękny, zielony, pełen dzikich kwitnących irysów i zapach piołunu unosił się w powietrzu. Do dziś nie znoszę zapachu piołunu.
    Nas kilkanaście osób stłoczono w jednej malej izbie, gdzie z jednej strony aż po sufit piętrzyły się nasze toboły, po drugiej spaliśmy na klepisku pokotem obok siebie odwracając się na komendę.
    Nic nie wiedzieliśmy gdzie jesteśmy i kto się nami zajmie. Wreszcie zjawił się nauczyciel tej osady Kazach i przyniósł mapę – mówił po rosyjsku – i pokazał gdzie jesteśmy. Był bardzo grzeczny i nawet zabrał karteczkę, którą moja Matka napisała do mojej siostry do Lwowa. Rzeczywiście to była pierwsza wiadomość, którą siostra otrzymała od nas. Od czasu pozostawienia nas na tym pustkowiu minęło 10 dni i dopiero wtedy władze NKWD z rejonu Dżurun zorientowały się, że naszej grupy nie ma we właściwym kołchozie i zaczęli nas szukać. Wreszcie przyjechali po nas ciężarówką i zabrali nas do właściwego kołchozu Woroszyłow. Ów kołchoz był przedzielony rzeką, po jednej stronie mieszkali Rosjanie po drugiej Kazachowie.
   Nasza grupa po kilkanaście osób została rozmieszczona w opuszczonych domkach. Właściwie były to lepianki zupełnie zdewastowane, które trzeba było samemu naprawiać, łatać dach, dziury na wylot w ścianach, bez podłóg, ale jakoś dałyśmy sobie radę. Właściwie głównie pracowałam ja z drugą bardzo energiczną, żoną lekarza z Glinian – aresztowanego i wywiezionego wraz z moim Ojcem. Oprócz nas dwóch z Matką, w domku tym zamieszkały dwie żony lekarzy, jedna z 9-letnią córeczką, druga samotna i trzecia, matka z dwojgiem małych dzieci (4 i 6 lat) właścicielka młyna z naszych stron.
  Prymityw był straszny, ale miałyśmy dach nad głową, a co jadłyśmy nikogo to nie obchodziło. Każda kombinowała na swój sposób. Nas ratował handel wymienny, przywiezione rzeczy wymieniane były na żywność od Kazachów, i to, że przez prawie cały okres pracowałyśmy wszystkie w ogrodzie warzywnym, gdzie zawsze można było coś „uszczknąć” i zjeść. Pracowałyśmy po 12 godzin dziennie aż do zmroku. Nas młodych, wysyłano na step na sianokosy, a potem na żniwa. Praca była bardzo ciężka, zwłaszcza dla młodych dziewcząt nie przyuczonych pracy fizycznej, zaś normę dzienną trzeba było wykonać. Na kołchozie pracowało się na tzw. trudo-dni, dopiero po zbiorach otrzymywało się ekwiwalent w naturze. To co zostało po oddaniu planowym państwu. Jeżeli był urodzaj, kołchoźnicy otrzymywali swój „deputat” taki, że mogli z tego wyżyć. Mieli również swoje krowy, drób, a nawet świnki. Gorzej gdy rok był nieurodzajny, bo wszystko zabierali dla wojska. Tamtejsza ludność jakoś przywykła do tych warunków. Jeśli chodzi o nas przesiedleńców, otrzymywaliśmy śmieszne racje za całe lato pracy. Np. ja z Matką dostałyśmy, za całe lato przepracowane na zimę tylko 16 kg ziarna, które trzeba było samemu zmielić na żarnach na mąkę, worek arbuzów, to kisiło się razem z kapustą (również worek kapusty na zimę) i litr mleka dziennie. To wszystko co zdołałyśmy zarobić od maja do następnego roku. W zimie też pracowałyśmy w stajniach i stodołach. Nieraz nie było co włożyć do garnka, ale jakoś się żyło tak długo, dopóki było co wymienić na żywność. Ratowały nas też paczki, które przesyłała nam siostra ze Lwowa, ale to się wszystko urwało z chwilą wypowiedzenia wojny przez Niemców.
  W kołchozie Woroszyłow byłyśmy od maja 1940 roku do stycznia 1941. Wtedy moja Matka zachorowała na zapalenie opłucnej i musiałam ją zawieźć do szpitala rejonowego w Dżuruniu. Problem był jednak czym Matkę odwieźć do szpitala. Przez szereg dni czatowałam na ciężarówkę, która czasami jeździła z sąsiedniego sowchozu do Dżurunia. Jakoś szczęśliwie udało mi się, i mało tego uzyskałam audiencję u naczelnika NKWD i i ubłagałam go, żeby mi z Matką pozostać w Dżuruniu na okres leczenia. Zgodził się pod warunkiem, że znajdę pracę. Bardzo to było trudne, bo przecież nie miałam żadnego zawodu, ale przy ludzkiej i boskiej pomocy udało mi się ulokować w szwalni, gdzie szyto konfekcję. Przyszywałam guziki i robiłam dziurki, za co otrzymywałam wynagrodzenie 1 kopiejkę za zrobienie dziurki i przyszycie guzika. Np. jeden kilogram masła kosztował aż 100 rubli (bo można było dostać tylko na wolnym rynku). Pracowałam tam aż do wybuchu wojny z Niemcami. Z powodu, że przez Dżurun przechodziła linia kolejowa z Ałma-Aty do Moskwy, wszystkich Polaków jako element niepewny przesiedlili w głąb stepu, jak najdalej od linii kolejowej. Z Matką trafiłyśmy na sowchoz Budionny jeszcze dalej w stepie niż poprzednio. W sowchozie pracowało się za pieniądze, to znaczy w zależności od normy ile danego dnia mogłyśmy wyrobić. W sklepiku można było sobie kupić kawałek razowego chleba. Jeżeli coś zostało z wypłaty dziennej, można za to było kupić kaszy albo cukru. Niestety, normy były tak wysokie, że za 12 godzin pracy ledwo zarabiałyśmy na kawałek chleba. Nasz handel wymienny skończył się, bo już zabrakło rzeczy do wymiany, zaś kontakt z krajem, czyli z siostrą, przestał istnieć.
   Było bardzo ciężko, akurat zbliżały się żniwa, więc pracowałyśmy w polu i w obsłudze świniarnika, warunki pracy były okropne. Byłyśmy zgrupowane w jednym baraku, a co najgorsze naszym brygadzista był Kazach, który traktował nas bardzo źle. Tam właśnie zaskoczyła nas amnestia. My, bez kontaktu ze światem, w ogóle nie wiedziałyśmy co się dzieje na froncie i jaki będzie nasz dalszy los. Pewnego dnia zwołał nas wszystkich i przyjechał na koniu nasz oprawca brygadzista i oświadczył nam, że od dziś jesteśmy wolnymi obywatelami i możemy poruszać się dokąd chcemy. Jedyny problem był taki, czym wydostać się z tego sowchozu, gdzie nie było żadnej komunikacji. Byłyśmy oszołomione tą naszą nagłą wolnością i zagubione w tym bezkresnym stepie. Wiele osób robiło już zapasy by przeżyć jakoś zimę. Również i ja, w której tamtejsze życie wyrobiło zmysł praktyczności i samowystarczalności, chomikowałam co się dało, ujmując sobie i Matce od ust. Bałam się głodu i ewentualnego wyjazdu w nieznane. Matka, chociaż ciężko znosiła naszą zsyłkę, chorowała i przechodziła załamanie psychiczne, nagle ożyła i zdecydowała, że musimy stąd wydostać się za wszelką cenę. Ja zaś dzielnie dotychczas trzymająca się, bałam się podróży w nieznane. Dochodziły nas słuchy, że podobno gdzieś w Rosji tworzy się wojsko polskie, w co trudno było wtedy uwierzyć. Trzeba było dostać się do Dżurunia, gdzie było większe skupienie Polaków. Trzeba było ruszyć przed siebie i szukać naszego Ojca, który z pewnością też został „wolnym”. Przyznałam Matce rację i zaczęłam kombinować jak się stąd wydostać. Dowiedziałam się, że z naszego jedzie podwoda po drzewo aż za Dżurun. Na stepie nie było drzew, więc po drzewo trzeba było jechać dość daleko.
     Nasz środek transportu wyglądał tak, że za dyszlem było siedzenie dla woźnicy, potem długi drąg przygotowany na przewóz drzewa, przymocowany do tylnych kół. Na naszym tyle była deska, na której umieściłam swoją skrzynie z zapasami bo zawsze bałam się głodu, oraz resztki mojego „dobytku”, włącznie z moją kołdrą, z która nie rozstawałem się od czasu wyjazdu z domu z Glinian. Musiałam ja potem zostawić na plaży w Krasnowodzku przy ewakuacji z ZSRR. Zrobiłam dla nas siedzenie właśnie na tyle pojazdu zaprzężonego w dwie pary wołów. Tak odbywałyśmy z Mamą czterodniową podróż przez step i dobrnęłyśmy szczęśliwie do Dżurunia. Byli tam Polacy zorientowani gdzie tworzy się Armia Polska i po paru dniach pobytu w Dżuruniu ruszyłyśmy do Buzułuku.
   Oprócz tego, że okradli nas w pociągu, dotarłyśmy szczęśliwie do miejsca docelowego. Niestety, nie znalazłam nikogo znajomego, więc nie można było się dowiedzieć czegokolwiek o moim Ojcu. Jedyne co pozostawało nam, to wstąpić do Pomocniczej Służby Kobiet, do formującej się Armii generała Andersa. Ze sobą nie miałam żadnego kłopotu, zaś jeśli chodzi o moją Matkę, miała przekroczony limit wieku i nie chcieli jej przyjąć do wojska. Po tych wszystkich naszych przejściach, nigdy w życiu nie rozstała bym się z moją Matką. Więc zrezygnowałam z wojska i obie nas wysłali – już nasze władze – z rodzinami wojskowych na południe Rosji do Uzbekistanu.
    Niestety ta długa podróż w wagonach towarowych była okropna, wszystkie dzieci do lat siedmiu umierały, zwłoki wyrzucali podczas jazdy pociągu przez okna. Władze rosyjskie nie udzielały nam już żadnej pomocy, a prawdziwych władz polskich jeszcze nie było. Właściwie nie było żadnych rozkazów, dokąd mają nas zawieźć i co począć z nami. Dojechaliśmy do Kaganu i tam wysadzili nas, po prostu zostawili nas w ogromnym parku bez dachu nad głową. Nie wiem nawet czym żywiłyśmy się wtedy, czasami były paczki unrowskie. Najgorzej było w nocy, zdarzały się dantejskie sceny. W tym parku ludzie kradli, mordowali się i bili o każdy kawałek chleba. Z łagrów i więzień wydostawali się nie tylko więźniowie polityczni i inteligencja, ale różny element, wygłodniały i zdeprawowany, z myślą przewodnią, aby tylko przeżyć za każdą cenę.
    Pobyt w Kaganie trwał krótko, bo władze Uzbekistanu nie zgodziły się na pobyt Polaków na ich terytoriach. Wtedy znowu wsadzili nas wszystkich do wagonów towarowych i wozili nas bez końca, bo nikt nie chciał nas przyjąć ani zatrudnić.
   Był to bardzo trudny okres dla nas, tułających się Polaków. Dniami i nocami staliśmy na bocznicach kolejowych. Władze nasze były w tym przypadku bezradne. Przywieźli nas do Kirgistanu i rozmieścili po osadach kirgiskich. Zatrudnili nas przy zbieraniu bawełny, jako wynagrodzenie otrzymywaliśmy od władz radzieckich po 30 dag mąki na osobę dziennie. Robiło się z tego placki na piecyku żelaznym, albo prażuchę zacieraną dzikim czosnkiem. Otrzymaliśmy „domek” – stajnia, przez którą się wchodziło i gdzie składaliśmy opał na zimę, ścięte suche krzewy bawełny – i jedna izba bez okien, w której mieszkało nas wtedy 10 osób. Towarzystwo koedukacyjne, ale zgodne w swej niedoli. Tam właśnie najbardziej głodowaliśmy. Wcześniej kładliśmy się spać, żeby ukryć swój głód. Wtedy rozmawialiśmy o swoich domach rodzinnych.
   Dwie siostry urządzały nam koncert i tworzyły piękny duet. Obie dostały się do więzienia z powodu przynależności do organizacji podziemnej. Np. moja Matka z jedną z naszych współlokatorek, dyktowały sobie przepisy kulinarne na wspaniałe torty. Nigdy nie mogły mi darować, że ja z tych urywków gazet z przepisami zrobiłam sobie wkładki do butów, które były już strasznie zniszczone i przeciekały.
    Nadeszła zima i święta Bożego Narodzenia. Wszyscy z naszej paczki odkładali trochę mąki żeby upiec placki na wspólną wieczerzę.
   Był z nami 25 letni syn naszych znajomych sprzed wojny, którego złapali jak chciał przekroczyć granicę radziecko-rumuńską w 1940 r. i dostał się do łagru. Znaleźliśmy go pod jednym z drzew w parku w Kaganie, jak leżał całkowicie wyczerpany po wyjściu z łagru. Rozpoznałam go od razu i zawołałam po imieniu. To był szok dla niego, bo okazało się, że chował się przez cały czas pod przybranym nazwiskiem. Został z nami, z grupą rodzin wojskowych, która podróżowała z nami po wyrzuceniu z Uzbekistanu. On to właśnie poszedł kilometrami żeby ukraść choinkę na święta. Dziwnym zbiegiem okoliczności, nasz uczynek, że przygarnęliśmy go wtedy z opresji, został wynagrodzony. Dostał on powołanie do polskiego wojska. Do dziś nie wiemy, jak odnaleźli go w tak dalekim i zagubionym miejscu.
   Po niedługim czasie był list od niego, że obie z moją Matką, mamy natychmiast jechać do Margilanu w Uzbekistanie, gdzie stacjonowała jego jednostka wojska polskiego, naturalnie w Armii generała Andersa. Zarejestrował nas tam jako swoją rodzinę. Równocześnie przesłał nam pieniądze na podróż. Problem zaistniał znowu, jak dostać się do najbliższej stacji kolejowej, która nazywała się chyba Tiantianazaj. Już nie pamiętam jak dostałyśmy się do owej stacji, z iloma przesiadkami, ale Pan Bóg czuwał nad nami i dotarłyśmy na miejsce.
    Gdy dojeżdżałyśmy do Margilanu, minął nas pociąg pełen wojska, ale w dziwnych mundurach, wszyscy natomiast mówili po polsku. Później dowiedziałyśmy się, że jechali w mundurach brytyjskich, tylko orzełki na czapkach były polskie. Okazało się, że był to pierwszy rzut wojska polskiego, udający się przez morze Kaspijskie do Iranu (dawnej Persji). Nim dojechałyśmy do Margilanu, zostały tam jeszcze jednostki likwidacyjne.
    Okazało się, że figurujemy w spisie jako rodzina Witka (naszego zbawcy), on natomiast musiał już wyjechać do Krasnowodzka i dalej. Najważniejszym był fakt, że znaleźliśmy się wśród swoich i mieliśmy nadzieję na dalszą opiekę.
    Jak wiadomo gen. Anders chciał jak największą ilość Polaków wywieźć z Rosji. W Margilanie był również pobór do Pomocniczej Służby Kobiet (PSK). Trzeba było stanąć przed komisją lekarską poborową i obie z Matką zaryzykowałyśmy. Szczęśliwym zbiegiem okoliczności, głównym lekarzem komisji poborowej był nasz przyjaciel sprzed wojny, który był w jednym łagrze z moim Ojcem, ale po amnestii zagubił jego ślad. Mojej Matce odjął trochę lat i obie zostałyśmy żołnierzami Armii gen. Andersa. Była to pamiętna data 11 kwietnia 1942 r.
   Potem wydarzenia potoczyły się bardzo szybko. Zaraz tej nocy  otrzymałyśmy mundury i wyposażenie wojskowe. Sorty mundurowe były brytyjskie, ale męskie. Przy umowie Sikorskiego ze Stalinem, nie było mowy wtedy o kobietach w wojsku. Utworzenie oddziałów kobiecych było zasługą gen. Andersa.
    Na pierwszym apelu wyglądałyśmy okropnie, buty były za duże i bez sznurowadeł, spodnie sięgały do szyi, furażerki spadały nam na nos, battledressy były za duże, ale byłyśmy pełne szczęścia. Potrafiłyśmy szczerze śmiać się ze swego wyglądu i byłyśmy bardzo dumne, że jesteśmy żołnierzami i na furażerkach mamy polskiego orzełka. Z czasem potem wszystko unormowało się i wygląd nasz się zmienił. Najbardziej przejęte tym faktem były nasze matki, bo okazało się, że nie tylko ja byłam z matką swoją, matek z córkami było w wojsku sporo.
    Po dość krótkim pobycie w Margilanie, przeniesiono nas na południe do Guzaru. Było lato i straszliwe upały, szerzyła się epidemia tyfusu i czerwonki. Nasz obóz jakoś szczęśliwie ominęła. Uformowany szpital wojskowy był przepełniony chorymi.
    Właśnie w Guzarze przeszłyśmy prawdziwe szkolenie, nawet z bronią w ręku. Zanosiło się na naszą ewakuację do Persji, gdy przyszła wiadomość, że Stalin nie zgadza się na drugi rzut ewakuacji. Rozpacz nas ogarnęła ale nie traciliśmy nadziei. Czekaliśmy co zdziała nasz Wódz i Opiekun. Pan Bóg nas wysłuchał i w sierpniu przyszedł rozkaz likwidacji naszych obozów, i wagonami towarowymi wyruszyliśmy do Krasnowodzka. Wagony były otwarte, śpiewałyśmy, bo zbliżałyśmy się do prawdziwej wolności. Czekałyśmy w Krasnowodzku parę dni, brak tu było wody pitnej, dowożono tylko beczkowozami. Pamiętna data dzień 15 sierpnia 1942 roku i święto Matki Boskiej. Zostałyśmy załadowane w porcie na węglarkę, która miała nas dowieźć do ziemi obiecanej. Oprócz naszej kompanii, na owej węglarce byli polscy chłopcy małoletni wycieńczeni do ostateczności (dosłownie skóra i kości), niektórych przynosili na noszach, ale też zostali uratowani. Byliśmy wszyscy stłoczeni jak śledzie w beczce, ale byliśmy szczęśliwi. Czekaliśmy z niepokojem i biciem serca na chwilę odbicia od brzegu. Wreszcie około godziny 17 poczuliśmy, że płyniemy i wtedy wszyscy zaczęli śpiewać Boże coś Polskę. Tego momentu szczęścia i nadziei nie zapomnę nigdy w życiu.
    Nazajutrz dobiliśmy do portu Pahlevi, gdzie wysiedliśmy zszokowani wolnością i otoczeniem, pełno było bazarów z owocami, daktylami i smakołykami wschodnimi, odnieśliśmy wrażenie, że jesteśmy w raju. Nasza kompania „Pestek” (tak nas nazywano), jak wszyscy którzy przybyli z Rosji musieli przejść przez dezynsekcję i łaźnię. Całą odzież nam odebrano i z drugiej strony łaźni otrzymaliśmy nowe sorty mundurowe. My kobiety otrzymałyśmy bieliznę w kolorze khaki, koszule też w tym kolorze, szorty oraz śliczne, kapelusze australijskie. Sorty mundurowe były w różnych rozmiarach, nie zawsze odpowiednich dla danej osoby. My potrafiliśmy sobie z tym dać radę i zwłaszcza młode dziewczyny wyglądały bardzo ładnie w tych szortach (oczywiście, że skróconych) i twarzowych kapeluszach. Gorzej wyglądały nasze mamy, ale też były zadowolone. Nasz obóz był rozmieszczony tuż obok plaży w małych namiocikach, gdy padał deszcz trzeba było podstawiać miednice albo garnki, ale nikomu to nie przeszkadzało. Na szczęście opadów było mało, a zwłaszcza my młode dziewczyny byłyśmy pełne życia i zapału. Były nawet potańcówki na piasku przy plaży. Szykowała się defilada, witał nas sam gen. Anders, też niezapomniane wrażenia.
    Pobyt w Pahlevi był przejściowy, bo wkrótce przerzucili nas do Iraku i Khanaqinu, gdzie stacjonowały nasze wojska.
    We wrześniu nasza kompania została przerzucona do Palestyny, (autokarami) do obozu Gedera. Tam były już normalne warunki pobytu, dostałyśmy nowe sorty mundurowe i czarne berety. Moja Mama prowadziła magazyn mundurowy, więc miałam z koleżankami protekcję. Tam również organizowano różne kursy przydatne do służby wojskowej. Szkolono kantyniarki do łączności, pielęgniarki do szpitali polowych, organizowano kursy administracji i kurs kierowców samochodowych. Ja ukończyłam dwa kursy: administracyjny i kierowców samochodowych na duże samochody ciężarowe. Po ukończeniu kursu samochodowego i otrzymaniu prawa jazdy, nasza grupa pojechała do Egiptu po sprzęt. Otrzymałyśmy 120 ciężarówek, które przeprowadziłyśmy do Gedery. W każdym samochodzie było nas dwie, jeden kierowca i drugi zmiennik. Zostały utworzone dwie kompanie transportowe, czyli 316 i 317 Kompania Transportowa. Oczywiście, że z Matką zostałyśmy przydzielone do 316 Kompanii.
   W dowództwie Kompanii była cała administracja i moja Matka pracowała na różnych funkcjach i dosłużyła się stopnia kaprala. Ja natomiast awansowałam kolejno aż do stopnia starszego sierżanta (z takim stopniem zostałam zdemobilizowana). Pełniłam cały czas funkcję dyspozytora 316 Kompanii Transportowej. Do mojej funkcji należało otrzymywanie codziennie ze sztabu dyspozycji w zamkniętej kopercie, z rozkazami gdzie i kiedy należy podstawić jaką ilość samochodów i w jakim celu. Cała dobę był czynny telefon, nawet w nocy miałam telefon przy łóżku, szczególnie w okresie całej kampanii włoskiej.
   Cała administracja i obsługa Kompanii składała się z kobiet, z wyjątkiem zakładów naprawczych, gdzie byli mężczyźni mechanicy. Ciężka to była praca być „drajwerką”, musiałyśmy same dbać o swoje samochody, towotować, myć i zmieniać olej a nawet załadowywać/rozładowywać amunicję, nie mówiąc o warunkach pracy na długich dystansach, które musiałyśmy pokonywać w trudnych i niebezpiecznych warunkach, bez ograniczenia godzin pracy.
   Zostałam odznaczona Brązowym Krzyżem Zasługi z Mieczami, Krzyżem Monte Cassino, Medalem Wojska Polskiego, oraz odznaczeniem brytyjskim za wojnę, za udział w kampanii włoskiej, oraz Krzyżem Czynu Bojowego Polskich Sił Zbrojnych na Zachodzie. Ten ostatni Krzyż otrzymałam już w Polsce.
    Z chwilą przemianowania nas na Kompanie 316, zostałyśmy przeniesione najpierw do El-Mugharu potem do Rehovotu. Już wtedy było wiadome, że nasze kompanie wyjeżdżają na front włoski.
     Będąc jeszcze w Gederze poznałam podporucznika lekarza, Bolesława Rutkowskiego, który w styczniu 1943 r. przybył z grupa lekarzy z Szkocji z przydziałem Armia Polska na Środkowym Wschodzie. On przybył do Palestyny inną drogą niż ja. Przez Rumunię, Francję do Szkocji. Tam ukończył medycynę i zdobył dyplom lekarza. Po krótkim pobycie w Palestynie wyjechał do Iraku i został adiutantem gen. Szareckiego, Szefa Służby Zdrowia Armii Polskiej na Wschodzie. W sierpniu 1943 r. wrócił do Iraku i stacjonował w Rehovot. 22 grudnia, jako jedna z pierwszych z naszej Kompanii wzięłam ślub z ppor. Bolesławem Rutkowskim w kościele Notre Dame w Jerozolimie, na co otrzymaliśmy specjalna dyspensę Patriarchy Jerozolimy. Pośpiech był o tyle konieczny, gdyż zaraz na początku stycznia wyjeżdżał z gen. Szareckim do Włoch.
    Rozstając się z mężem w Palestynie nie wiadomo było kiedy i gdzie się znów spotkamy. Szczęście sprzyjało, bo wkrótce po jego wyjeździe do Egiptu nasza Kompania otrzymała rozkaz przewiezienia do Egiptu naszych żołnierzy. Udało nam się spotkać tuż przed jego odpłynięciem na front włoski.
   Nasza Kompania stacjonowała w Egipcie w Kasasynie (El-Kasasin) aż do końca kwietnia 1944 roku poczym otrzymała rozkaz przepłynięcia do Włoch. Dopłynęliśmy szczęśliwie do brzegów Italii 5 maja 1944 r.
   Pierwsze miejsce postoju naszej Kompanii było w Chiusano di San Domenico, potem kolejno przerzucali nas, poprzez Monte Cassino aż do Ortony i Ankony na brzeg Adriatyku. Gdy Korpus szedł do przodu, wtedy miejsce postoju Kompanii zmieniało się. Cały czas obsługiwała jednostki naszego Korpusu będące w akcji bojowej.
   Z mężem spotykałam się tylko na krótkich przepustkach, kiedy tylko to było możliwe. Najczęściej nawet nie wiedzieliśmy gdzie stacjonujemy, bo pisywaliśmy do siebie przez numer skrzynki pocztowej. Czasami byliśmy bardzo blisko siebie nie wiedząc nawet o tym. Mój mąż często odnajdywał mnie po numerze naszych samochodów i po ich tropie mnie odnajdywał, Mimo tego bardzo mile wspominamy te chwile i lata spędzone w wojsku.
    Przeżyliśmy oboje z mężem, moją Matką, siostrą męża i szwagrem cała kampanię włoską, wszyscy byliśmy w mundurach z emblematami 2-go Polskiego Korpusu i VIII Armii. Po zakończeniu działań wojennych nasza 316 Kompania stacjonowała w Porto Recanati i stamtąd samochodami i pociągami przez Niemcy i Francję przerzucono nas do Anglii.
    W parę miesięcy po mnie do Anglii przyjechał mój mąż i zabrał mnie do obozu na północ od Londynu. Zostałam zdemobilizowana 31 października 1947 r. w stopniu starszego sierżanta.
     Mój mąż po zdemobilizowaniu pracował w szpitalu w Londynie, gdzie przenieśliśmy się z moją Mamą i rocznym już synkiem. Moja mama, jako ostatnia z rodziny została zdemobilizowana w stopniu kaprala.
    Wszyscy razem wróciliśmy do Polski 11 listopada 1948 roku i zamieszkaliśmy w Gliwicach na Śląsku, gdzie przebywamy do chwili obecnej. Mąż pracuje jeszcze w swoim zawodzie, ja jestem na emeryturze po 20-tu latach pracy w kraju.
   Oprócz syna urodzonego w Anglii (obecnie profesora na Politechnice Gliwickiej), mamy również córkę, która poszła w ślady swego ojca i jest lekarzem. Mamy również troje prawie dorosłych wnuków. Wszyscy mieszkamy na Śląsku, chociaż bardzo tęsknię za Lwowem.

     
Krystyna Rutkowska
z d. Dąbrowska

podpis nieczytelny

                                         1942 Pahlevi – Persja (dziś Bandar-e Anzali – Iran)
Defilada i powitanie przez gen. Andersa
Trzy "Pestki"

1943 Gedera – Palestyna (dziś Izrael)
Z narzeczonym por. Bolesławem Rutkowskim i  gen. Bolesławem Szareckim

1946 (Diddington, Polish Resettlement Camp in Woodlands Park - UK) i Odznaczenia (wybrane)
Brązowy Krzyż Zasługi z Mieczami (na piersi) 
 Krzyż Monte Cassino
The 1939 -1945 Star (odznaczenie brytyjskie)

Dokument  rejestracyjny z wpisaną demobilizacją i przeniesieniem do Londynu


Posłowie (sporządził, 13.12.2013, Jerzy Rutkowski)
Mama spisała (podyktowała opiekunce) swe wspomnienia pod koniec życia, już po rozległym wylewie, który ją dotknął w 1996 roku. O istnieniu tych wspomnień dowiedziałem się dopiero teraz, o wielu szczegółach jej życia na zsyłce dowiedziałem się dopiero z tych wspomnień. O ile Mama chętnie wspominała czasy swej wojaczki z 316 Kompanią o tyle nie wspominała czasów udręki na zsyłce, podobnie zresztą jak jej matka a moja Babcia, która mieszkała razem z nami do końca swego żywota. Pamiętam, że w domu rodzinnym nigdy nie pojawiły się na stole śledzie a lodówka i spiżarka zawsze były pełne zapasów – teraz wiem dlaczego tak było. Wspomnienia Mamy postanowiłem zapisać komputerowo, nie zmieniając niczego w tekście oryginalnym zapisanym maszynowo.
Mama dumna była ze swej kariery wojskowej. Tuż przed wylewem odwiedziła ją, po raz pierwszy, koleżanka z wojska mieszkająca na stałe w USA. Mama bardzo przeżywała to spotkanie, przed i podczas. Nieprzespane noce poprzedzające spotkanie i podczas spotkania, wielkie emocje sprawiły, że w dzień po wyjeździe koleżanki Mama doznała rozległego wylewu. Do sprawności fizycznej nigdy nie udało jej się powrócić, zmarła w nocy z 10 na 11 września 2001 roku, tj. w nocy poprzedzającej dzień ataku terrorystycznego na WTC. Po 1990 roku, po odzyskaniu przez Polskę suwerenności, Rodzice zapisali się do Związku Kombatantów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i Byłych Więźniów Politycznych – zapisania się do komunistycznego ZBOWiDu nie brali w ogóle pod uwagę. W 1994 roku odbyli podróż pod Monte Cassino i brali udział w obchodach pięćdziesięciolecia bitwy. Regularnie i z wielką przyjemnością uczestniczyli w spotkaniach kombatantów, również po Mamy wylewie. Mama poprosiła jednego z kombatantów by na jej pogrzebie zagrał (z magnetofonu) Czerwone Maki pod Monte Cassino – prośba ta została spełniona. Grobowiec Mamy znajduje się na cmentarzu Lipowym w Gliwicach, zgodnie z życzeniem Mamy na grobowcu widnieje napis:



Road from Lviv, through Kazakhstan and Jerusalem to Monte Cassino
War memoires of Sgt. Krystyna Rutkowska, nee Dabrowska
316 Transport Company of the 2nd Polish Corps

I was born on 13.07.1922 in Gliniany, Przemyslany district, Tarnopol province, as the daughter of Jan Dabrowski and Maria, nee Rychwicka. My father was a white-collar worker in the Branch Bank in Gliniany, and from 1929 until the invasion of Soviet troops in 1939 was mayor of Gliniany, since 1930 to 1935 he was a Member of the Polish Parliament. I think, his position was the reason that on 10th of April 1940 he was arrested and taken to Lviv prison, and then, deported to a labor camp in the Soviet Union, from where he never returned and died in 1942 (according to information from repatriates who returned to Poland after the war). My mother was the teacher in Gliniany.
I attended primary school in Gliniany and in 1939 graduated from Ursuline High School in Lviv. When the war began, I stayed in Gliniany with my parents and on 13th of April 1940, three days after my father’s deportation, I was deported together with my mother.
The very moment when they came after us at two o'clock at night, I will never forget. There were three Russians, civilian employees of the NKWD, and one civilian speaking Polish, Ukrainian I guess. At the outset, my mother was told that we have to go to another province at the request of my father, who is already there waiting for us. Mother believed in her naivety and began to dress, took a coat and purse and was ready to go. However, I was suspicious and asked one of them if I could take father’s things, to which he replied very quietly (in Russian, of course), that I should take rather my own and my mother stuff. I immediately realized that all previous was just a ruse.
I do not even know where I found within me so much energy that I started to pack everything that came into my hands. I tied linens in bundles; I threw all things out from the cabinet and stuffed them in other bundles. Even, in the heat of the moment, I took a box of my mother’s hats, which then served us as a table in Kazakhstan. All these things taken by me enabled us to survive this very difficult period of exile that was in front of us.
As I found out later, in Kazakhstan, money or jewelry had not there any value; only the value had clothing and silver, which could be exchanged for food with Kazakhs. One of those who came after us was very "human" and allowed me to get everything packed. When leaving our house, the moment of parting with our beloved housekeeper and my dog ​​was the saddest one.
And so, I set out with mother on the unknown, in the peasant wagon, requisitioned by the NKWD, on a bundle of straw in a dark and cold night.
It was an early dawn, when we arrived at the nearest train station and were loaded into freight cars that were already waiting for us. Soon, they became crowded and stuffy, not to mention sanitary conditions. Then, all cars have been sealed. Inside were all women, of all ages, mostly deported for husbands or brothers, or … nobody new why.
At the station we waited for the departure almost the whole day and it was our luck because kind people from Gliniany brought us some food, of which I have not thought when leaving the home. We were allowed to give it to the car and it saved us, because for three weeks of our trip they served us only minimal portions of herrings, black bread and water. No one knew where we were going. You only could guess, when peeking through a small barred window. Finally, we figured out that they were taking us deep into Asia, because we passed the Urals. Our destination was Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk province, Dziurun district, and there we were blown up. Then, in small groups, we have been deployed by trucks to various kolkhozes and sovkhozes.
My group left at dusk, together with my mother and our inherent bundles. Nights at this time of year were there very cold, so my quilt came in very handy. Unfortunately, our driver in the empty steppe with no roads was constantly wandering. One picture stuck in my memory forever.  Whenever our car stopped, when leaning my head from under the quilt, the same view always appeared endless steppe, hill, and a camel standing there. Then, years later, when I read the book “Camel in the steppe”, always this “camel on the hill” emerged from my memory.
Our driver, after a long wandering the steppe, blew us by the first encountered Kazakh settlements, totally not where we had to be transported, and drove off. I will not describe the impression from the first contact with the Kazakhs, because it was a kind of shock again. In every Kazakh house, entrance leads through a stable. In the middle of the chamber of bunks, around a glowing fire in a hollow, the whole family sits on the so-called floor and warms their feet under cover blankets. Steppe this time of the morning was beautiful, green, and full of wild irises blooming and the smell of wormwood floated in the air. To this day I can’t stand the smell of wormwood. Our group of a dozen women was crowded in one small chamber. At one side, our bundles piled up to the ceiling. At the other side, we slept on a dirty floor in a row, next to each other, turning on command.
I did not know where we were and who’s been taking care of us. Finally, the local teacher came to our Kazakh settlement and brought a map. He spoke Russian and showed where we were. He was very polite and even took the message, which my mother wrote to my sister living in Lviv. Indeed, this was the first message that sister received from us. Ten days have passed, from time that we’ve been left in this wilderness, when the NKWD authorities from the Dziurun district realized that our group did not arrive at the proper kolkhoz and started looking for us. Finally, they picked us by a truck and took us to the proper kolkhoz, called Voroshilov. That kolkhoz was divided by a river, with Russians living on one side and Kazakhs living across.
Our group has been deployed in abandoned houses, some ten women in one house. They were completely devastated mud huts, that we had to repair by ourselves, patching the roof and holes in the walls, but somehow we gave cope. Actually, it was only me who mostly did the reparation together with the other most vigorous woman, the wife of the doctor from Gliniany – he was arrested and deported along with my father. In addition to the two of us and my mother, two other wives of doctors, one with the nine-year-old daughter and one mother with two small children (4 and 6-year-old), the owner of the mill from our sites, lived in our house.
Primitive was terrible, but we had a roof over our head, what we ate no one cared. Each in its own way tried to contrive. Barter with Kazakhs saved us - taken from home items were exchanged for food, also the fact that for almost the entire period we worked all in the vegetable garden, where there was always something to "snatch" and eat. We worked 12 hours a day until nightfall. Us young, were sent to the steppe to the haymaking, and then at harvest. The work was very hard, especially for young girls not semi-skilled to hard manual labor, and the mandatory norm had to be done. Working in the kolkhoz, on the so-called  work-days, after harvest we received the equivalent in nature, from what has been left after the scheduled mandatory state-delivery. If there was a good harvest, kolkhoz-farmers received their “allowance" so that they could live from it. They also had their cows, poultry, or even pigs. Worse, when the year was infertile and all crops were taken for the military. The farmers somehow accustomed to these conditions. We, Polish deported workers, got only symbolic rations for the summer work. For example, me and my mother, we got, for the entire summer work, only 16 kg of grains to be grinded at the mill for flour, bag of watermelons and bag of cabbage to be pickled together and a liter of milk a day, and that all had to be sufficient storage for the whole winter. In winter, we also worked, in the kolkhoz stables and barns. Sometimes there was nothing to put into the pot, but somehow we survived as long as it was something to exchange for food. Also, packages that we’ve been receiving from sister from Lviv rescued us a lot, but it all blew upon the declaration of war on Russia by the Germans.
In the kolkhoz Voroshilov we were from May 1940 to January 1941. Then, my mother became ill with pleurisy and I had to take her to the district hospital in Dziurun. The problem, however, was to arrange transportation to hospital. For a number of days I was chatting on the truck, which sometimes rode from the neighboring sovkhoz to Dziurun. Somehow, happily, I managed, and moreover, with a bit of luck, I received an audience with the head of the NKWD and I begged him to let me stay with my mother in Dziurun for a period of treatment. He agreed on the condition that I get a job. It was very difficult, because I had no profession. Thanks to the people and the God’s help I was able to find a job in the sewing room, where clothes were sewn. I stitched buttons and did buttonholes, for which I received compensation of 1 kopeck (0.01 ruble) for making holes and sewing a button. For example, one kilogram of butter, available only on the open market, cost up to 100 rubles. I worked there until the outbreak of war with Germany. The railway line from Alma-Ata to Moscow passed Dziurun, and all Poles, as tentative citizens, were migrated deep into the steppe, away from the railway line. Together with my mother, we were transferred to the Budienny sovkhoz, located even further, than previously, in steppe. In the sovkhoz, we’ve been working for money, the amount depending on percentage of the daily-norm we could develop. In the shop, we could buy a piece of whole meal bread. If something more was out of the daily payment, we could buy a porridge or sugar. Unfortunately, the daily-norms were so high that in 12 hours we barely earn for a piece of bread. Our barter ended because we've run out of goods to exchange, and the contact with the country, that is, with my sister, ceased to exist.
It was very hard time, harvest just approaching, so we worked in the field and handling a pig-house. Working conditions were terrible. We were grouped together in one barrack; our foreman was a Kazakh, who treated us very badly. While working there, the amnesty surprised us. We, without contact with the world in general, did not know what was going on at the front, and what will be our fate. One day, our torturer foreman arrived on a horseback, gathered us all and told us that from now on we are free citizens, and we can move to where ever we want. The only problem was that there was no transportation to get out from the sovkhoz. We were stunned by this sudden freedom and lost in the endless steppe. Many people already stored food to survive somehow the winter. Me too, hard life in steppe has developed a sense of practicality and self-sufficiency in me, hoarded what I could - we had to scrimp and save to survive. I was afraid of hunger and eventual departure into the unknown. Mother, though hard to bore our exile, suffering a mental breakdown, suddenly came alive and decided that we need to get out at any price. But me, bravely holding up so far, I was afraid to travel into the unknown. Rumors came to us, that supposedly somewhere in Russia the Polish army is formed, in what it was hard to believe then. We had to get to Dziurun, where there was a greater concentration of Poles. We had to move ahead and seek our father/husband, who certainly also was "free", if still alive. I had to agree with mother and began to combine how to get out of the sovkhoz. I found out, that the timber carrying wagon is planned to be dispatched beyond Dziurun – there are no trees on the steppe, so the timber has to be transported from faraway places.
Our conveyance looked strange. The coachman’s seat was behind the tiller, and then long poles, prepared to transport the timber, attached to the rear wheels. There was also a board attached to these wheels, large enough to accommodate us, put my box with food stocks - I always have had a fear of hunger, and the remnants of my "belongings", including my duvet, with which I did not parted since leaving the house in Gliniany. I then had to leave it on the beach in Krasnovodsk, when evacuating the USSR. This strange vehicle was drawn by a pair of oxen. After four-day journey through the steppe we happily reached Dziurun. There, we met Poles versed where the Polish Army is formed and after a few days in Dziurun we embarked on a train journey to Buzuluk.
Apart of being robbed on the train, we arrived safely to our destination. Unfortunately, I have not found any friend there, so I could not learn anything about my father. The only option that remained for us was to join the Women's Auxiliary Service of the newly formed army of General Anders. I had no trouble in registration, but there was a problem with my mother, as she had exceeded the age limit and her application was rejected. After all our crossings, I would never accept to be parted with my mother. So I gave up the army and we both were sent, now by our Polish government, south of Russia to Uzbekistan, together with families of soldiers drafted to Polish army.
This long journey in wagons was awful; children up to the age of seven have been dying, then corpses thrown through the windows, while the train was riding. The Russian authorities did not give us any help already, and there were no authentic Polish authorities yet. In fact, there were no orders, where the train may take us and what to do with us. We reached Kagan in Uzbekistan and had been dropped there, just left in a huge park, homeless. I do not even know what we ate then, only sometimes food from UNRRA packages. The worst was at night, there were hair-rising scenes. In this park, people had been stealing, murdering, fighting for each piece of bread. Escapees from labor camps, gulags and prisons were not only political prisoners and intelligence, but also different criminals, hungry and depraved, with keynote to just survive at any cost.
Stay in Kagan was short-lived, because the Uzbek authorities refused to stay the Poles in their territories. Then, they again put us all into freight train and rode us without end, because no one wanted to accept us and employ.
It was a very difficult period for us, wandering Poles. Days and nights spent at stops on the railway sidings. Our Polish authorities were helpless. The train brought us to Kyrgyzstan where we had been deployed in the Kyrgyz sediments. We had been engaged in cotton picking, with a payment of 30 grams of flour per person per day, payable by the Soviet authorities. It was enough to fry pancakes on the iron stove, or toasts blurred with wild garlic. We received a "cottage", a stable, through which we entered and where we laid firewood for the winter - dried cotton plants, and one room with no windows, in which we lived in ten people, co-ed society, but consistent in their misery. That's where we were starving the most. We went to sleep early, to hide our hunger. Then, we talked about our family homes.
Two sisters gave us concerts, creating beautifully singing duet. Both got into prison because of belonging to an underground organization. My mother with one of our roommates dictated each other wonderful recipes for cakes, using snippets of newspapers instead of paper sheets. They could never forgive me that I had used them as inserts in my shoes, already terribly damaged and leaking.
Winter came and Christmas time. Each one of our gang put aside a little flour to bake cakes on a holly supper.
25 year old son of our friends from Gliniany was with us - he was caught in 1940, as he wanted to cross the Soviet-Romanian border, and got to the camp. We found him under one of the trees in the park in Kagan, as he was lying exhausted after leaving the camp. I recognized him right away and called out by name. It was a shock for him because he’s been hiding all the time under a false name. He was with us, a group of families, who traveled with us after being fired from Uzbekistan. He walked for miles just to steal a Christmas tree for the holidays. By a strange coincidence, our deed, as we took him out of a big trouble, was rewarded. He got a call to the Polish army. To this day I do not know how they found him in the so far away and lost place.
After a short time after he joined the army, we have received a letter from him informing that we both immediately should travel to Margielan, where his unit of General Anders Army was stationed. He registered us there as his family. At the same time he sent us money for the trip. The problem arose again, how to get to the nearest train station, which was called Tiantianazaj. I do not remember how we got to this station, how many connecting stages, but the Lord God was watching over us and we reached the place on time.
When approaching Margielan, a train full of troops passed by, in strange uniforms, but all they spoke Polish. Later we learned that they were Polish troops in British uniforms, just eagles on their caps were Polish. It turned out that this was the first shot of the Polish army, heading to Iran (Persia those days), through the Caspian Sea. When we reached Margielan, only camp-liquidation units were still there.
It was confirmed that Witek, our savior, registered us as his family - he already moved to Krasnovodsk and beyond. The most important was the fact that we are amongst compatriots and hoped for further care.
General Anders wanted the greatest number of Poles to be exported from Russia. In Margelan, draft to the Women's Auxiliary Service (PSK) was still opened. Once again we had to appear before the draft medical board. Fortuitously, the main doctor of draft board was our friend from Gliniany - he was in the same prison camp with my father, but after the amnesty he lost the trail. He subtracted few years from my mother’s age, and so we both became soldiers of the Army of General Anders. It was a memorable date for me: 11th of April 1942.
Then, events rushed very quickly. As soon as that night, we received uniforms and military equipment. Uniforms were British and for men. When Sikorski signed the agreement with Stalin, there was no question about women in the Army. The establishment of women units was the personal merit of General Anders.
On the first call, we looked awful. Shoes were too big and without laces, trousers reached to the neck, forage caps dropped us on the nose, battledresses were too big, but we were full of happiness. We could honestly laugh at his appearance, and we were very proud that we are soldiers and we have a Polish eagle on forage caps. In time, then everything settled down and the appearance of our changed. The most fascinated were our mothers - it turned out that not only I was with his my mother, there were many mother-daughter pairs were in the Army.
After a fairly short stay in Margielan, we moved south to Guzar. It was summer and the terrible heat, epidemic of typhus and dysentery spreading. Our camp somehow, fortunately was not infected. The newly formed military hospital was full of patients.
In Guzar we passed through a real training, even with a gun in hand. It was close to our evacuation to Persia, when the news came that Stalin did not agree the second evacuation. Despair gripped us but we were not losing hope. We waited what make things happen and, our Chief and Curator, God listened and in August the order with permission for the second evacuation and liquidation of our camps came, and by train we moved to Krasnovodsk. Wagons were open, we sang joyfully, because we’ve been approaching a true freedom. We waited in Krasnovodsk few days, there was no tap drinking water, and it was transported only by water-wagons. The feast on the Virgin Mary holyday, on the 15th of August 1942, is a memorable date for me. We were loaded at the port on the coal-carrying ship, which was to bring us to the promised land. In addition to our company, at this ship Polish boys were transported, exhausted to the limit (literally skin and bones), some brought on a stretcher, but all were rescued. We were all packed like herrings in a barrel, but we were happy. We waited anxiously with a heartbeat for a moment of putting off from the shore. Finally, about 5 pm., we felt that the ship sails and then everyone started to sing God Save Poland. This moment of happiness and hope I will never forget in my life.
The next day we reached the port of Pahlavi, where we got shocked of freedom and the environment, the bazaars were filled with fruits, dates and other delicacies, and we have been feeling that we are in paradise. Our company of "Pestki", as we were called, (nickname made from Polish PSK, “Pills” in English), like everyone else who came from USSR, had to go through disinfestation and bath. All clothing was taken from us at the entrance and new uniforms given at the exit. Women received khaki underwear, shirts, also in this color, shorts and beautiful Australian hats. Uniforms were in various sizes, not always appropriate for an individual person. We managed to deal with this, and then, especially young girls looked very nice in now well-fitting shorts and facial hats. Our mothers did not look as nice, but also were satisfied. Our camp was arranged next to the beach in the small tents - when it rained we had to put bowls or pots beneath leaks, but it did not bother anyone. Fortunately, precipitation was not heavy, and especially we young girls, were full of life and enthusiasm. There were even dancing on the sand at the beach. Getting ready to parade, greeted by General Anders himself, was also an unforgettable experience.
Stay in Pahlavi was temporary; soon they switched us to Iraq and Khanakin where our troops were stationed.
In September, our company has been flipped to Palestine, by coaches, to the Gedera camp. There were already normal conditions of stay; we got new uniforms and black berets. My mother ran the uniform store, so I and my girlfriends have had the protection. The headquarters organized various courses suitable for military service. Shop assistants were trained to serve in canteens, nurses in field hospitals, etc. I graduated two courses: in administration and car driver course, on big trucks. After completing the course and receiving a car driving license, our group went to Egypt for equipment. We received 120 trucks that we moved to Gedera. Each car was operated by two of us, a driver and a substitute driver. Two transport companies had been created, namely 316 and 317 Transport Company - me and my mother had been assigned to 316 Company. Just after forming the 316 & 317 Company, we were first transferred to Al-Mugar then to Rehowot. Already then, it was known that our Companies are leaving for the Italian front.
The entire administration was in the Company headquarters, and my mother worked in various functions and attained the rank of corporal. I was promoted successively to the rank of sergeant - with this rank I was demobilized. I was engaged as the dispatcher of the 316 Transport Company. Every day, I’ve been receiving orders from the headquarters, in a sealed envelope, ordering where and when the appropriate number of trucks has to be dispatched. I was by the phone all day, even at night I had a phone by the bed, especially during the entire Italian campaign.
The entire administration and operation of the Company consisted of women, with the exception of repair workshops, where men-mechanics were engaged. It was hard work to be the "truck-driver". We had taken care of our cars by our own, lubricate them, wash and change the oil, not to mention hard working conditions over long distances, which we had to overcome in difficult and dangerous environment - without limiting the hours of work, sometimes loading trucks with the ammunition, as in Ancona.
While still in Gedera, I met lieutenant Boleslaw Rutkowski MD, who in January 1943 came from a group of doctors from Scotland to the allocation of the Polish Army in the Middle East. He came to Palestine different way than I did, from Poland, through France to Scotland. There, in Edinburgh, he completed the Medical University and earned his medical degree. After a short stay in Palestine, he went to Iraq and was adjutant of General Szarecki, Head of the Health Service of the Polish Army of General Anders. In August 1943, he returned to Iraq and was stationed in Rehovot. On December the 22nd, as one of the first of my Company I got married, with Lt. Boleslaw Rutkowski, in the church of Notre Dame in Jerusalem, for which occasion we received a special dispensation of Patriarch of Jerusalem. The rush was so much needed, because right at the beginning of January, he had to travel with General Szarecki to Egypt and Italy.
Parting with my husband in Palestine, I did not know when and where we meet again. Luck favored, and soon after his departure to Egypt, our Company was ordered to transport our troops to Egypt. We were able to meet just before his departure to the Italian front.
Our Company was stationed in Egypt in El-Kasasin until the end of April 1944, and then was ordered to be transferred to Italy. Luckily, we reached the shores of Italy on 5th of May 1944.
The first staging of our Company was in San Domenico, and then, after the battle of Monte Cassino, we were transferred to the town of Ortona, on the Adriatic coast. The Company was following the front, all the time serving our Corps units engaged in combat action.
I’ve been meeting with my husband only on short permits, whenever it was possible. Mostly, we did not even know where stationed, because we’ve been mailing each other using only the mailbox address. Sometimes we were very close to each other without even knowing it. My husband often was finding me monitoring traces license plates of trucks. Despite of these inconveniencies, we keep very fond memories of these moments, the years spent in the Army.
I experienced together with my husband, my mother, husband’s sister and brother in law all the Italian campaign. We all wore uniforms with emblems of the 2nd Polish Corps and VIII Army. After the war, our 316 Company stationed in Porto Recanati, and from there, by coaches and trains, through France and Germany, we’ve been transferred to England.
After I came to England, my husband took me to the camp, some 100 miles north of London. I was demobilized on the 31st of October 1947, at the rank of sergeant. Soon, as the last of the family, my mother has been demobilized at the rank of corporal. I was awarded the Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords, Cross of Monte Cassino, the Medal of the Polish Army and the British honors for the war, for the participation in the Italian campaign, and the Deed of Combat Cross of the Polish Armed Forces in the West. The latter Cross I received already in Poland.

My husband after demobilization worked in the Acton Town hospital in London, where we moved with my Mom and year-old son.
All four of us, we returned to the Poland on the 11th of November 1948, and settled in Gliwice, Silesia, where we live to the present. My husband is still working in his profession; I 'm retired after 20 years of working in Poland.
In addition to my son who was born in England (now a professor at the University of Technology in Gliwice), we also have a daughter who followed in the footsteps of her father and became a doctor. We also have three almost adult grandchildren. We all live in Silesia, although I very long for Lviv.

Krystyna Rutkowska, nee Dabrowska
illegible signature
translated from Polish original by Jerzy Rutkowski (son of Krystyna)

Postscript, by Jerzy Rutkowski
My Mother wrote down her memories at the end of her life, after extensive stroke, which afflicted her in 1996, most likely she dictated by the whole text. The existence of these memories I learned only now, with many details of my Mother’s life on exile that I learned only from those memories. While my Mother willingly recalled her soldiering days with the 316 Company so she did not mention the time of anguish on exile, just like her Mother and my Grandmother, who lived with us till the rest of her life. I’ve decided to rewrite these memories, save them as e-memories, without changing anything in the original text recorded by a tape writer.
Traumatic memories of exile and the memories of the years in which she wore a uniform with embroidered eagle was what forever and hardest enrolled in her memory. I remember that in the family home herring has never appeared on the table and fridge and pantry was always full of food - now I understand why. Mom was proud of her military career. Just before the stroke, a colleague from the army living permanently in the United States, visited her for the first time. Mom really was excited by this encounter, before and during it. Sleepless nights preceding the meeting and during the meeting, great excitement, caused that day after the departure of fellow, Mom suffered a massive stroke. Her physical fitness has never managed to return, she died in the night from 10 to 11 September 2001, i.e. the night preceding the day of the terrorist attack on the WTC. After 1990, when Poland regained its sovereignty, parents sign up for the Polish Combatants Association and Former Political Prisoners - signing up for a communist organization (ZBOWiD) they did not take at all into account. With fellow combatants, my parents had traveled to Monte Cassino, participated in the celebration meeting there. Mom was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and asked one of the combatants to play at her funeral, from a tape recorder, “Red Poppies at Monte Cassino” - melody of the 2nd Corps. This request was met. My mother’s last will was to engrave the following inscription on her grave (translation from Polish) - Lipowy cemetery, Gliwice:
Lt. of the 316 Company of PSK of the 2nd Polish Corps
in Italy
Monte Cassino - Ancona - Bologna






Thursday, 5 December 2013

Quotes on Teaching, Learning & Technology in Education (extended, sorted by Tags)


Acting
Anonymous   funny e-card
Everything happens for a reason, but sometimes the reason is that you're stupid and you make bad decisions.
Churchill, Sir Winston
It is a mistake to try to look too far ahead. The chain of destiny can only be grasped one link at a time.
We make a living by what we get, we make a life by what we give.
Heraclitus
There is nothing permanent but change.
Education
Durant, William James   American writer (1885-1981)
Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance.
France, Anatole   French poet and novelist (1844 - 1924)
Nine-tenths of education is encouragement.
Kraus, Karl   Austrian writer andjournalist (1874 - 1936)
Education is what most receive, many pass on, and few possess.
Nigerian Proverb
Not to know is bad; not to wish to know is worse.
Piaget, Jean   Swiss philosopher (1896 - 1980)
The principal goal of education is to create men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done.
Savile, George   English statesman and author (1633 - 1695)
Education is what remains when we have forgotten all that we have been taught.
Skinner, B.F.   American psychologist, New Scientist, May 21, 1964
Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten.
Socrates
Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel.
Updike, John   American writer, b.1932
School is where you go between when your parents can't take you and industry can't take you.
Yeats, William Butler   Irish poet (1865 - 1939)
Education is not the filling of pail, but the lighting of a fire.
Education Effective
Beattie, Bill   American manager and coach
The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think - rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with thoughts of other men.
Bronowski, Jacob   Polish-Jewish British mathematician
It is important that students bring a certain ragamuffin, barefoot irreverence to their studies; they are not here to worship what is known, but to question it.
Chesterton, Gilbert K.   English writer, philosopher (1874 - 1936)
No man who worships education has got the best out of education... Without a gentle contempt for education no man's education is complete.
Feather, William   American publisher and author (1889 - 1981)
In education it isn't how much you have committed to memory or even how much you know. It's being able to differentiate between what you do know and what you don't. It's knowing where to go to find out what you need to know and it's knowing how to use the information you get.
France, Anatole   French poet and novelist (1844 - 1924)
An education isn't how much you have memorized, It's being able to differentiate between what you do know and what you don't.
Hutchins, Robert Maynard   American educator (1899 - 1977)
The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives.
Locke, John   English philosopher and physician (1632 - 1704)
The business of education is not to make the young perfect in any one of the sciences, but so to open and dispose their minds as may best make them - capable of any, when they shall apply themselves to it.
Lubbock, John   English biologist and politician (1834-1913)
Reading and writing, arithmetic and grammar do not constitute education, any more than a knife, fork and spoon constitute a dinner.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
Solving the problems in education are actually simple. All we need is a dedicated society, knowledgeable politicians and excellent teachers.
Rogers, Carl   American psychologist (1902 - 1987)
The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change.
Rohn, Jim   American speaker and author
Formal education will make you a living; self-education will make you a fortune.
Russell, Bertrand   British philosopher (1872 - 1970)
Passive acceptance of the teacher's wisdom is easy to most boys and girls. It involves no effort of independent thought, and seems rational because the teacher knows more than his pupils; it is moreover the way to win the favour of the teacher unless he is a very exceptional man. Yet the habit of passive acceptance is a disastrous one in later life. It causes man to seek and to accept a leader, and to accept as a leader whoever is established in that position.
Toynbee, Arnold   English economic historian and social reformer (1889-1975)
The aim of all education is, or should be, to teach people to educate themselves.
Walker, Lou Ann   English author, professor
Theories and goals of education don't mean a whit if you don't consider your students to be human beings.
Education Enablers
Brady, Marion   American educator
Those who know about education have no power; those who have the power know little or nothing about education.
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm   German philologist, philosopher (1844 - 1900)
In large states public education will always be mediocre, for the same reason that in large kitchens the cooking is usually bad.
Obama, Barack
Cutting the deficit by gutting education is like lightening an overloaded airplane by removing its engine.
Twain, Mark
In the first place, God made idiots. That was for practice. Then he made school boards.
Education Innovation
Aldridge, Susan   American educator, "Learning Through Technology", CATE 2009
The act of learning itself is no longer seen as simply a matter of information transfer, but rather as a process of dynamic participation, in which students cultivate new ways of thinking and doing, through active discovery and discussion, experimentation and reflection.
Chivetta, Anthony   American Computer Science engineer
The need to know the capital of Florida died when my phone learned the answer. Rather, the students of tomorrow need to be able to think creatively: they will need to learn on their own, adapt to new challenges and innovate on-the-fly.
Rutkowski, Jerzy   Polish educator, "Barriers to Innovation in e-Pedagogy", CATE 2010
“Carrot and Stick” is the only effective policy that is able to force teachers to leave their “Classroom Kingdom” … accept innovation in education.
Toffler, Alvin   American writer and futurist
The illiterate of the 21st century won't be those who can't read & write but those who can't learn unlearn & relearn.
Education Innovation Technology
Anonymous   funny bumper sticker
A million computers can't replace one outstanding teacher.
Byron, Tanya   British psychologist
The technology itself is not transformative. It’s the school, the pedagogy, that is transformative.
Chamberlain, April   American educator
Education is evolving due to the impact of the Internet. We cannot teach our students in the same manner in which we were taught. Change is necessary to engage students not in the curriculum we are responsible for teaching, but in school.
Gates, Bill
Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the kids working together and motivating them, the teacher is most important.
Kapp, Karl   American writer and educator
Instructional designers need to run, not walk, away from classroom -thinking and get to the point of providing short, quick business focused learning points that are easily accessible when and where our learners need them. This means leveraging new technologies to deliver non-traditional instruction.
Lanier, Jaron   American writer, computer scientist
We already knew that kids learned computer technology more easily than adults. It is as if children were waiting all these centuries for someone to invent their native language.
Lassner, David   American educator, "Why Bother? Investments in Education Technologies & Institutional Priorities", CATE 2004
The real power of interactive technologies is that they let us learn in ways that aren’t otherwise possible or practical.
Don’t just ask: What is the role of technology in the classroom? Ask: What is the role of the classroom when we unleash the real power of technology?
Lucas, George
Our system of education is locked in a time capsule. You want to say to the people in charge, 'You're not using today's tools! Wake up!'
Masie, Elliot   American educator, editor of Learning TRENDS
E-learning is changing. And, we will see new models, new technologies and designs emerge. So, let’s drop the “e” – or at least give it a new and wider definition.
Mayer, Richard E.   American educator, "Elements of a Science of e-Learning", Journal of Educational Computing Research, 29(3): 297-313, 2003
The same design principles that promote learning in traditional environments are likely to promote learning in electronic environments, e-learning has the potential to offer different (and perhaps better) learning opportunities only to the extent that it can enable different instructional methods
Pink, Daniel H.   American writer, "A Whole New Mind: Introduction", 2005
The last few decades have belonged to a certain kind of person with a certain kind of mind-computer programmers who could crank code…. The future belongs to a very different kind of person with a very different kind of mind - creators and empathizers, pattern recognizers and meaning makers. These people… inventors, designers… will now reap society’s richest reward and share its greatest joy.
Rutkowski, Jerzy   Polish educator, "Links Between Technology Based Education and Engineering Education Research", CATE 2011
If teachers wish to live in a digital world in which today’s students live, then an immediate attention to the conduct of teaching has to be given, such that both students’ and teachers’ expectations are met.
Technology Enhanced Learning should be used deliberately, taking into account Educational Research, both learning objectives (Bloom's taxonomy) and experiences (Dale's cone). TEL not linked with ER is just art for art’s sake and wasteful spending, ER not linked with TEL is just out-of-date theoretical research and shoddy work, only TEL linked with ER leads to excellence.
Rutkowski, Jerzy   Polish educator, "Self-Directed Learning and Flip Teaching", SEFI Conf. 2013
If high level of (students’) Self-Directed Learning Readiness is reached, and only then, great benefits of Technology Enhanced Learning can be obtained.
Thornburg, David   American educator, premier futurist in educational technology
Any teacher that can be replaced with a computer, deserves to be.
Warlick, David   American educator
We need technology in every classroom and in every student and teacher’s hand, because it is the pen and paper of our time, and it is the lens through which we experience much of our world.
Education Progress
Euripides
Who so neglects learning in his youth, loses the past and is dead for the future.
Diogenes Laertios
The foundation of every state is the education of its youth.
Fisch, Karl   American educator
We are currently preparing students for jobs and technologies that don't yet exist... In order to solve problems we don't even know are problems yet.
Goddard, John   British educator, "Towards World Class National Systems of Civic Universities", 2009
The Civic University operates on a global scale but uses its location to form its identity.
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald
Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
Education reform does not necessarily assure progress, but progress implacably requires change. As teachers, positive change has always been our goal.
Shaw, George Bernard
The reasonable man adapts himself to the world: the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.
Knowledge
Abott, Lawrence Lowell   American lawyer and educator (1856 - 1943)
There's a lot of knowledge in universities: the freshmen bring a little in; the seniors don't take much away, so knowledge accumulates.
Anonymous
The value of knowledge lies not in its accumulation but in its utilization.
Colton, Charles C.   English cleric, writer (1780–1832)
Knowledge is two-fold, and consists not only in an affirmation of what is true, but in the negation of that which is false.
Confucius
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge.
Fuller, Margaret   American journalist (1810 - 1850)
If you have knowledge, let others light their candle by it.
Keller, Helen   American author and lecturer (1880 - 1968)
Knowledge is love and light and vision.
Lec, Stanisław Jerzy   Polish writer (1909 - 1966)
The only fool bigger than the person who knows it all is the person who argues with him.
Lee, Laurence
The world does not pay for what a person knows, but it pays for what a person does with what he knows.
Plutarch
The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be ignited.
Knowledge Ignorance
Plato
The learning and knowledge that we have, is, at the most, but little compared with that of which are ignorant.
Disraeli, Benjamin   British Conservative politician, writer and aristocrat (1804 - 1881)
To be conscious that you are ignorant is a great step to knowledge.
Dumas, Alexandre
How is it that little children are so intelligent and men so stupid. It must be education that does it.
Durant, William James   American writer (1885-1981)
Sixty years ago I knew everything; now I know nothing; education is the progressive discovery of our ignorance.
Hawking, Stephen   English physicist
The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge.
Knowledge Imagination
Einstein, Albert
Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world.
Tibolt, Frank   American writer (1897-1989)
We should be taught not to wait for inspiration to start a thing. Action always generates inspiration. Inspiration seldom generates action
Knowledge Wisdom
Chekhov, Anton
Wisdom.... comes not from age, but from education and learning.
Tolstoy, Leo
Real wisdom is not the knowledge of everything, but the knowledge of which things in life are necessary, which are less necessary, and which are completely unnecessary to know.
Learning Effective
Adler, Mortimer J.   American philosopher, educator (1902-2001)
The purpose of learning is growth, and our minds, unlike our bodies, can continue growing as we continue to live.
Alexander, Lloyd   Americxan author of fantasy books for children
We learn more by looking for the answer to a question and not finding it than we do from learning the answer itself.
Bickford, Bob   American novelist
Yes, the lectures are optional. Graduation is also optional.
Churchill, Sir Winston
Where my reason, imagination, or interest were not engaged, I would not or I could not learn.
Confucius
Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.
I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.
Creighton, Bishop Mandell   British historian and a bishop (1843 - 1901)
The one real object of education is to have a man in the condition of continually asking questions.
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Learning never exhausts the mind.
D'Angelo, Anthony J.   American educator
Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you'll never cease to grow.
Deming, W. Edwards   American engineer (1900 -1993)
Learning is not compulsory... neither is survival.
Dunne, Finley Peter   American writer (July 1867 - 1936)
It doesn't make much difference what you study so long as you hate it.
Einstein, Albert
Teaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valuable gift and not as a hard duty.
Franklin, Benjamin
Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn.
Gladwell, Malcolm   Canadian journalist, "Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking", 2005
We learn by example and by direct experience because there are real limits to the adequacy of verbal instruction.
Gurdjieff, George   Russian educator (1866 - 1949)
A man can only attain knowledge with the help of those who possess it. This must be understood from the very beginning. One must learn from him who knows.
Heraclitus
Much learning does not teach understanding.
Hickam, Homer   American author, Vietnam veteran
I had discovered that learning something, no matter how complex, wasn't hard when I had a reason to want to know it.
Iles, George   American journalist (1852 - 1942)
Whoever ceases to be a student has never been a student.
Illich, Ivan   Austrian philosopher (1926 - 2002)
Most learning is not the result of instruction. It is rather the result of unhampered participation in a meaningful setting. Most people learn best by being “with it,” yet school makes them identify their personal, cognitive growth with elaborate planning and manipulation.
Kelly, Melissa   American educator, “What is the aim of education”, About.com Secondary Eduvcation, 2014
Learning how to learn is one of the key elements of education. Schools need to teach students how to find information they will need once they leave school. Therefore, the specific subject matter being taught is not as important for future personal success as is the ability for students to understand how to find answers for any questions and problems that might arise.
Lenin, Vladimir
Learning is never done without errors and defeat.
Maugham, W. Somerset   British novelist (1874 - 1965), "The Razor's Edge", 1943
You learn more quickly under the guidance of experienced teachers. You waste a lot of time going down blind alleys if you have no one to lead you.
Sagan, Carl   American astronomer, astrophysicist, cosmologist, author (1934 - 1996)
We are an intelligent species and the use of our intelligence quite properly gives us pleasure... Understanding is joyous.
Vensodale, Krissy   American educator and blogger (Venspired)
If you have a passion for learning, it will become the drive for everything you do in the classroom.
Learning Experiential
Abercrombie, Joe   British fantasy writer, Last Argument of Kings, 2008
I have learned all kinds of things from my many mistakes. The one thing I never learn is to stop making them.
Aristotle
What we have to learn to do, we learn by doing.
Chinese Proverb
He who asks is a fool for five minutes, but he who does not ask remains a fool forever.
He who asks a question may be a fool for five minutes; he who asks no questions stays a fool forever
Einstein, Albert
No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong.
Ionesco, Eugene   "Decouvertes"
It is not the answer that enlightens, but the question.
Johnson, Vic   American author, "Day by Day with James Allen"
In life, there are no mistakes, only lessons.
Roosevelt, Eleanor   American UN diplomat, humanitarian and First Lady (1933-45)
Learn from the mistakes of others. You can’t live long enough to make them all yourself.
Siemens, George   American educator and blogger (ELEARNSPACE)
Learners need to experience confusion...Clarifying this chaos is the heart of learning.
Valez, Rosalie Ledda   Spanish education specialist at INLEA
Think out of the box and create a learning experience where the learner can interact with the content and their brains.
Learning Ineffective
Plato
Knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.
Do not train children to learning by force and harshness, but direct them to it by what amuses their minds.
Learning Lifelong
Bugeja, Michael J.   American educator and journalist
Education is a lifelong experience. Experience is a lifelong education. Education plus experience equals expertise.
Drucker, Peter F.   American educator (1909 - 2005)
We now accept the fact that learning is a lifelong process of keeping abreast of change. And the most pressing task is to teach people how to learn.
Ebbinghaus, Harmann   German psychologis (1850 -1909)
Humans more easily remember or learn items when they are studied a few times over a long period of time (spaced presentation), rather than studied repeatedly in a short period of time.
Gardner, Joel   American educator
The most effective, successful professionals are constantly learning, they take the time to apply what they have learned, and they continually work to improve themselves.
Haley, William   British newspaper editor (1901 - 1987)
Education would be much more effective if its purpose was to ensure that by the time they leave school every boy and girl should know how much they do not know and be imbued with a lifelong desire to know it.
Krishnamurti, Jiddu   Indian author, philosopher (1895 - 1986)
There is no end to education. It is not that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the moment you are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning.
Lee, Robert E.   American General (1807 - 1870)
The education of a man is never completed until he dies.
Santayana, George   Spanish philosopher (1863 - 1952)
The wisest mind has something yet to learn.
Shakespeare, William
A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows himself to be a fool.
Sophocles
A man, though wise, should never be ashamed of learning more, and must unbend his mind.
Sussman Yalow, Rosalyn   American medical physicist, co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize (1921 - 2011)
The excitement of learning separates youth from old age. As long as you are learning you're not old.
Twain, Mark
Anyone who stops learning is old, whether twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young. The greatest thing you can do is keep your mind young.
Never try to teach a pig to sing. It wastes your time and annoys the pig.
Vaughan, William E. ("Bill")   American columnist and author (1915 - 1977)
People learn something every day, and a lot of times it's that what they learned the day before was wrong.
Learning Love Of
John Holt   American author and educator (1923 - 1985)
We should turn out people who love learning so much and learn so well that they will be able to learn whatever needs to be learned.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
The whole being of any Teacher is within our own hearts. Although an education prepares us to teach, it is the love of learning that sustains us.
Teachers who love teaching, teach children to love learning.
The whole being of any Teacher is within our hearts. Although education prepares us to teach, it is the love of learning that sustains us.
Inventive teachers can create life long learners but a love for learning can not be tested.
Learning Self-directed
Buddhist Proverb
When the student is ready, the master appears.
Chinese Proverb
Teachers open the door. You enter by yourself.
Ching Mok, M. Mo, & Yin Cheong Cheng   Chinese educators, "A theory of self-learning in a networked human and IT environment: implications for education reforms", International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 15/4, 2001, pp.172 - 186
There is an urgent need to develop a theory that can be used to deepen the process of self-learning and facilitate students becoming highly motivated and effective self-learners with the support of a networked human and IT environment.
Churchill, Sir Winston
It is a good thing for an uneducated man to read books of quotations
Personally I am always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught.
Gardner, John W.   American writer and educator (1912 - 2002)
The ultimate goal of the educational system is to shift to the individual the burden of pursing his own education. This will not be a widely shared pursuit until we get over our odd conviction that education is what goes on in school buildings and nowhere else.
Grow, Gerald O.   American educator, "Teaching Learners to be Self-Directed", Adult Education Quarterly, 1991/1996
Self-Directed Learning remains the North Star of adult education.
Knowles, Malcolm S.   American educator, "The Modern Practice of Adult Education: From Pedagogy to Andragogy", Prentice Hall, 1980
By 2020 all learning will be based on principles of Self-Directed Learning.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
If we are truly effective teachers, then we are creating autonomous, independent, and self directed learners.
Putre, Laura   American educator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Bulletin, May 2014
Enabling students to cover subject matter outside of class, frees instructors to teach through interactions in the classroom.
Life
King, Marthin Luther
Life's most urgent question is: "What are you doing for others?"
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm   German philologist, philosopher (1844 - 1900)
Without music, life would be a mistake.
Oppinion sharing
Dana, Charles A.   American businessman, politician (1881-1975)
Fight for your opinions, but do not believe that they contain the whole truth or the only truth.
De Montaigne, Michel   French philosopher (1533–1592)
I prefer the company of peasants because they have not been educated sufficiently to reason incorrectly.
Euripides
Talk sense to a fool and he calls you foolish.
Tynan, Kenneth   English theatre critic (1927-1980)
Certainly everyone is entitled to have an opinion, but NOT everyone is entitled to have his opinion taken seriously.
Vaughan, William E. ("Bill")   American columnist and author (1915 - 1977), The Milwaukee Journal 1959
There's nothing wrong with having nothing to say, unless you insist on saying it.
Voltaire
It is dangerous to be right in matters where established men are wrong.
Judge a man by his questions rather than by his answers.
White, T. H.   English author, novelist (1906 - 1964)
The most difficult thing in the world is to know how to do a thing and to watch someone else doing it wrong, without commenting.
Research
Baruch, Bernard Mannes   American financier (1870 - 1965)
Millions saw the apple fall, but Newton was the one who asked why.
Chaon, Dan   American writer
A conclusion is simply the place where you got tired of thinking.
Churchill, Sir Winston
However beautiful the strategy, you should occasionally look at the results.
Cropley, A. J.   American educator
The creative thinker is flexible and adaptable and prepared to rearrange his thinking.
Dobie, J. Frank   American folklorist, writer (1888 - 1964)
The average Ph.D. thesis is nothing but a transference of bones from one graveyard to another.
Einstein, Albert
The formulation of the problem is often more essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experimental skill.
Hazelkorn, Ellen   Irish educator, "Teaching, Research & Engagement: Strenghtening the Knowledge Triangle", SIRUS project workshop, 2010
Nowadays, research is conducted through inter-regional and global networks - Complex problems require collaborative solutions.
Plutarch
Research is the act of going up alleys to see if they are blind.
Voltaire
Doubt is an uncomfortable condition, but certainty is a ridiculous one.
Wright, Steven A.   American comedian, actor and writer, b. 1955
To steal ideas from one person is plagiarism; to steal from many is research.
Success
Ashe, Arthur
One important key to success is self-confidence. An important key to self-confidence is preparation.
Berra, Yogi   American baseball player
If you don't know where you're going, you might wind up someplace else.
Churchill, Sir Winston
It's not enough that we do our best; sometimes we have to do what's required.
Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.
Gerrard, Brad
Believe in yourself, be strong, never give up no matter what the circumstances are. You are a champion and will overcome the dreaded obstacles. Champions take failure as a learning opportunity, so take in all you can, and run with it. Be your best and don't ever ever give up.
Gorki, Maxim
When work is a pleasure, life is a joy. When work is a duty, life is a slavery.
Hall, Barbara   American writer, Northern Exposure - Rosebud, 1993
The path to our destination is not always a straight one. We go down the wrong road, we get lost, we turn back. Maybe it doesn't matter which road we embark on. Maybe what matters is that we embark.
Keller, Helen   American author and lecturer (1880 - 1968)
Self-pity is our worst enemy and if we yield to it, we can never do anything good in the world.
Is there anything worse than being blind? Yes, a man with sight and no vision.
When all you can feel are the shadows, turn your face towards the sun.
Nehru, Jawaharlal
Success often comes to those who dare to act; it seldom goes to the timid who are ever afraid of the consequences.
Teaching Effecive
Anonymous   retreived by Lisa Nelson in 2008
Teachers plant seeds of knowledge that will grow forever.
We need to replicate in the classroom the world in which students are living.
Aristotle
Those that know, do. Those that understand, teach.
Buddhist Proverb
A man should first direct himself in the way he should go. Only then should he instruct others.
Churchill, Sir Winston
Broadly speaking, the short words are the best, and the old words best of all.
Collins, Marva   American educator
Don't try to fix the students, fix ourselves first. The good teacher makes the poor student good and the good student superior. When our students fail, we, as teachers too, have failed
Edwards, Tryon   American theologian (1809–1894)
The great end of education is to discipline rather than to furnish the mind; to train it to the use of its own powers, rather than fill it with the accumulation of others.
Einstein, Albert
I never teach my pupils. I only attempt to provide the conditions in which they can learn.
Example isn't another way to teach, it is the only way to teach.
It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo   American essayist (1803 - 1882)
The secret of education is respecting the pupil.
France, Anatole  French poet (1844 - 1924), The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard, 1881
The whole art of teaching is only the art of awakening the natural curiosity of young minds for the purpose of satisfying it afterwards.
Godwin, Gail K.   American novelist
Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theater.
Guyan, Matthew   Australian educator
Think about what your learners need to do with that information after the course is finished and design around that.
Hayakawa, S. I.   American academic and political figure of Japanese ancestry (1906 - 1992)
...students should be given the best possible maps of the territories of experience in order that they may be prepared for life...
Hayden, Scott   American educator
Teachers have three loves: love of learning, love of learners, and the love of bringing the first two loves together.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich   German philosopher (1770 - 1831)
We may affirm absolutely that nothing great in the world has been accomplished without passion.
Japanese Proverb
Better than a thousand days of diligent study is one day with a great teacher.
Kiam, Victor Kermit   American entrepreneur (1926 - 2001)
I believe one of the most important priorities is to do whatever we do as well as we can.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
A great teacher is someone who can learn from his students, who can learn with them, and learns for them.
All teachers who have had consistent success in the classroom understand that it is not enough merely to dispense information.
We must shift the focus of our classrooms from obedience to understanding.
The highest respect should go to those teachers who let their actions rise above other teachers' excuses.
Great classrooms are characterized by positive, open relationships, mutual respect, and a shared responsibility for the learning process.
Teachers must create an environment for students where their past failures are irrelevant to the learning occurring in their classrooms.
Our achievements as teachers are shaped by the climate of our classrooms and the strength of our preparation.
Great classrooms are characterized by positive, open relationships, mutual respect, and a shared responsibility for the learning process.
It shouldn't matter how slowly a child learns as long as we are encouraging them not to stop.
Don't struggle to be a better teacher than everybody else. Simply be a better teacher than you ever thought you could be.
A well prepared and engaging teacher is a catalyst... a spark that creates the desire to learn in our students.
Montagu(e), Ashley   American anthropologist and educator (1905 - 1999)
In teaching it is the method and not the content that is the message.
Montessori, Maria   Italian physician and educator (1870-1952)
The greatest sign of a success for a teacher, is to be able to say, "The children are now working as if I did not exist".
Papert, Seymour A.   American writer and educator
You can't teach people everything they need to know. The best you can do is position them where they can find what they need to know when they need to know it.
Rollins, Alice Wellington   American author (1847 - 1897)
The test of a good teacher is not how many questions he can ask his pupils that they will answer readily, but how many questions he inspires them to ask him which he finds it hard to answer.
Russell, Bertrand   British philosopher (1872 - 1970)
More important than the curriculum is the question of the methods of teaching and the spirit in which the teaching is given.
No man can be a good teacher unless he has feelings of warm affection toward his pupils and a genuine desire to impart to them what he believes to be of value.
Shaffer, Robert H.   American educator, pioneer in the field of college student personnel and student affairs
We must view young people not as empty bottles to be filled, but as candles to be lit.
Skow, John
The secret of teaching is to appear to have known all your life what you learned this afternoon.
Sornson, Bob   American educator, founder of the Early Learning Foundation
Teachers that love to teach, create students that love to learn.
Storz, Justin
Your passion as a teacher must be students, not school. Anything else is a road to burnout.
Szasz, Thomas   American psychiatrist and academic (1920 - 2012)
A teacher should have maximal authority, and minimal power.
Tyler, Ralph   American educator who worked in the field of assessment and evaluation (1902 - 1994)
Teaching, is not just a job. It is a human service, and it must be thought of as a mission.
Whitaker, Todd C.   American educator
Great teachers have high expectations for their students, but higher expectations for themselves.
Teaching Ineffective
Forster, Edward Morgan   English novelist (1879 - 1970)
Spoon feeding in the long run teaches us nothing but the shape of the spoon.
Gardner, John W.   American writer and educator (1912 - 2002)
Much education today is monumentally ineffective. All too often we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.
L’Engle, Madeleine   American writer (1918 - 2007)
Schooling, instead of encouraging the asking of questions, too often discourages it.
Mann, Horace   US educator, the first great American advocate of public education (1796-1859)
A teacher who is attempting to teach without inspiring the pupil with a desire to learn is hammering on cold iron.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
Demanding that students test well in the absence of appropriate resources is disheartening for teachers and disastrous for students.
Children think learning is filling in answer bubbles. The experience of learning has been replaced by multiple choice tests.
Even the most talented teacher cannot be fully successful in a dysfunctional system over which they have little control or input.
Putt, Archibald   pseudonym of American R&D expert, "Putt's Law and the Successful Technocrat", 1981
Technology is dominated by two types of people: those who understand what they do not manage, and those who manage what they do not understand.
Rosseau, Jean Jacques   Swiss philosopher, writer (1712 - 1778)
We should not teach children the sciences but give them a taste for them.
Sellar, W.C., & R.J. Yeatman   British humorists, "And Now All This", 1932
For every person who wants to teach there are approximately thirty people who don't want to learn much.
Senge, Peter M.   American educator, senior lecturer at the MIT
Many children struggle in schools... because the way they are being taught is incompatible with the way they learn.
Shaw, George Bernard
Experience fails to teach where there is no desire to learn.
Teaching Innovation
Chinese Proverb
Do not confine your children to your own learning, for they were born in another time.
Corder, Nicholas   American educator, "Learning to Teach Adults: An Introduction", Routledge 2002, p.xii
The best teachers think about what they are doing all the time. Their styles may differ wildly, but they have in common that they are thinking teachers who are always looking for new approaches and ideas and who listen to their students.
Dewey, John   American philosopher (1859 - 1952)
If we teach today as we taught yesterday, we rob our children of tomorrow.
English Proverb
You can not teach an Old Dog new tricks.
Jacobs, Heidi Hayes   internationally recognized American education leader
Teachers need to integrate technology seamlessly into the curriculum instead of viewing it as an add-on, an afterthought, or an event.
McDonald, Sir Claude Maxwell   British diplomat (1852 - 1915)
Sometimes a majority simply means that all the fools are on the same side.
Mead, Margaret   American anthropologist (1901 - 1978)
The most extraordinary thing about a really good teacher is that he or she transcends accepted educational methods. Such methods are designed to help average teachers approximate the performance of good teachers.
Carolus S. J., John
We think too much about effective methods of teaching and not enough about effective methods of learning.
Darwin, Charles
It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.
Gardner, John W.   American writer and educator (1912 - 2002)
I am entirely certain that twenty years from now we will look back at education as it is practiced in most schools today and wonder how we could tolerated anything so primitive.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
Changing the way we teach is a lot easier than changing the way students learn.
Education reform does not necessarily assure progress, but progress implacably requires change. As teachers, change has always been our goal.
Striggins, Rick   American educator
Explaining the intended learning in student-friendly terms at the outset of a lesson is the critical first step in helping students know where they are going.
Teaching Innovation Technology
Kassebaum, Nancy   U.S. Senator
There can be infinite uses of the computer and of new age technology, but if teachers themselves are not able to bring it into the classroom and make it work, then it fails.
Krueger, Keith R.   American educator, CEO of the Consortium for School Networking (CoSN)
It is important to remember that educational software, like textbooks, is only one tool in the learning process. Neither can be a substitute for well-trained teachers, leadership, and parental involvement.
Teaching Learning
Beechick, Ruth   British teacher-writer (1925 - 2013)
A teacher who loves learning earns the right and the ability to help others learn.
Carolus S. J., John
No matter how good teaching may be, each student must take the responsibility for his own education.
Collins, Phil
In learning you will teach, and in teaching you will learn.
Dana, John Cotton   American librarian (1856 - 1929)
He who dares to teach must never cease to learn.
Freire, Paulo   Brazilian educator and philosopher (1921 - 1997)
The teacher is no longer merely the-one-who-teaches, but one who is him/herself taught in dialogue with the students, who in turn while being taught also teach. They become jointly responsible for a process in which all grow.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
As a teacher you have to be committed to learning for a lifetime first before you can lead your students down that path.
The most valuable resource that all teachers have is each other. Without collaboration our growth is limited to our own perspectives.
If real learning is to take place, our classrooms must be dependent on the collaboration of its learners, not solely on the knowledge of its teachers.
Often we do a greater amount of good when we "listen" to our students than when we "teach" them.
Ohler, Jason   American educator
If you don't love learning yourself, then please, do the students of the world a favor: don't teach.
Ward, William Arthur   American writer (1921 - 1994)
Teaching is more than imparting knowledge, it is inspiring change. Learning is more than absorbing facts, it is acquiring understanding.
Teaching Tests
Bower, Joe   American educator
Those that make test scores and grades the heart of education hit their targets while entirely missing the point.
Standardized Testing tells us about learning as much as Reality TV tells us about reality.
Meehan, Robert John   American educator
A student's progress should be measured in terms of the questions they are asking, not merely by the answers that they are reciting.
It's tragic that we are mandated to turn so many eager young learners into frustrated test performers.
Authentic student achievement cannot be measured by test scores but in the small day to day moments of our students’ individual triumphs.
Exemplary teachers will always care more about the people their students will become than the scores on the tests they take.
The purpose of education is to enlighten the student as to how to use their own mind, rather than to fill it with facts for a test.
Theory & Practice
Anonymous
Theory is when you know everything but nothing works. Practice is when everything works but no one knows why. Around here, theory and practice are combined: nothing works and no one knows why.
Berra, Yogi   American baseball player
In theory there is no difference between theory and practice. In practice there is.
Van de Snepscheut, Jan L. A.   Dutch computer scientist and educator (1953 - 1994)
In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But, in practice, there is (attributed also to Yogi Berra).

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Quotes on Education